How Can I Locate Someone at No Charge? - Just Do This

You may be asking, how can I locate someone at no charge? Well I know of several ways you can use.

Almost all of the people locator websites I know will try and get you to pay a certain price for accessing their database. This might be in the form of a small fee for additional content or profile information or in the form of getting your contact details in exchange. That is, you give them yours they give you the one you are looking for.

So essentially you should decide what you consider to be a charge based on what is important to you. What I mean is that, you can choose to give away your contact information and access the information you are looking or you can use the limited free information that is provided at the first phase of your search.

How Can I Locate Someone at No Charge? - Just Do This

By the way what I have just discussed above is relevant only if you decide to use a people locator and not other "manual" alternative, which I discuss briefly below.

Now my best answer to the question, how can I locate someone at no charge is that you need to search through some social networking sites. These carry millions of profiles on different people across the globe. The trick here is that you will need to register first - give away your personal details first.

My last option on how you can locate someone at no charge is through websites that source their information from a variety of people based websites online. It's like those comparison websites you go to before you shop online. In this case the sites focus on finding the best locator that has all the information you are looking for.

How Can I Locate Someone at No Charge? - Just Do This
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Click here Locate Someone Free to see an example of an effective free people locator.

Start searching for someone at: http://www.findfree-people-friends.com/freepeoplelocator

Different Types of Cables

There are many types of cables out there that can be used with networking and telecommunications related devices. There are those that can do a variety of different things and can be used with an assortment of technological equipment. They are basically the link between a device and the power that makes that mechanism run. Most transmit signals between electrical equipment. The type of signal that is transmitted depends on what type of cable is being used. Some different types of cables are fiber optic patch, firewire, serial, and fiber optic.

Fiber optic patch cables are employed when connecting one fiber optic device to another and are used to send a signal. The various mechanisms that are used in fiber optics, data communications, or telecommunications technology are connected with patch cables or cords.

With this type of patch wiring, strands are used as opposed to wires because there is less of a chance that the signals that are being sent between devices will be lost. The patch cords that are usually used in this form of technology are made in a variety of colors so that they are distinguished without problems.

Different Types of Cables

Firewire cables are designed to connect firewire peripherals, external devices that are used to increase the potential of the communication system, to firewire enabled computers. When the connection is made by the firewire, between the two mechanisms it makes it easier for information to be shared and enables the data to be accessed at a faster pace.

Firewires are similar to USB cables. They transfer data at a very fast pace, are easy to use, and have plug-and-play capabilities. Firewires transfer their data amid digital devices and are used often in audio and video equipment.

Serial cables are those that connect serial devices to serial communication ports. They are able to transmit data using actual serial communication. In most cases a serial line will use an RS-232 standard which is for serial binary data signals that are used when linking data circuit-terminating equipment and data terminal equipment.

Fiber optic cables are network lines that are made out of a bundle of thin strands of glass. This technology uses the glass fibers to transmit digital data. The messages and information that are transmitted merge into a carrier signal and are adjusted to light waves. The digital information that is carried through these lines is sent over long distances.

Each optical fiber that is within a fiber optic wiring is made up of the core, the cladding, and the buffer coating. In a single one there are usually hundreds of thin strands that are all bundled under a covering.

Different Types of Cables
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Kathleen Whitlow is a copywriter and marketing agent of Cables Plus USA. The fiber optic wholesale company provides fiber optic cables and other networking equipment throughout the nation. For more information on their Fiber Optic Cables please visit their website.

Starting a Social Networking Website From Scratch

You've seen MySpace, you've heard of Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter and all the other ones. What do these websites share? They are very popular social networks. Would you like to give it a shot also? In that case, this article will point you in the correct direction.

What do you want to achieve by building a social networking website?

Think about this thoroughly. It is crucial that you comprehend your ambitions early on so you can avoid getting frustrated later. There are usually a couple of options:

Starting a Social Networking Website From Scratch

- you are starting a social networking site for a real physical community you are a member of (e.g. your local soccerclub), with no financial ambitions.

- you are starting a niche community website for a group of people that you are perhaps a member of (or maybe not) with financial ambitions (you want to make some cash)

- you want to start a huge site, like Facebook, LinkedIn, MySpace, with obvious financial ambitions.

Your ambitions and where you stands towards the community you are building a website for will determine your approach. In the following part, we will go over at the various options and the typical costs you can expect.

Starting a website for a a real physical community you are a member of

This is by far the most simple one, as a big chunk of the marketing will simply be word of mouth in your community. It's sufficient to have a person with some influence in the community promote the website (perhaps yourself) and the rest of the group will join.

To start from zero, as with any social network website project, you'll have to think about the needs of the community. Lets take an example. If you are starting a site for a soccerclub, the website will need things like groups, fan profiles, sharing of photos, event management calendar, etc.

Social networking sites are always built with the same basic principle: the goal it to provide online sharing and organisation tools for the members of the community. If you are starting a website for an existing community of which you are a part of, you should have a pretty good idea of what the people need.

Make a list of the functionalities you need, and compare this list to the features of social networking software packages like boonex, phpfox or Dzoic. These are complete out of the box social networking website scripts that you can upload on your website. If this seems complicated to you, you can often get help from the technicians at the customer service. If the service doesn't include this, take a look at the many freelancers available on elance.com for example. The average cost of such software is around 350$.

That might look like a lot of money, but the advantage is that you fully own the site and that you have complete control. You won't have any branding issues (your own logo and design will be on the website) either. If you are building a website for a community which really doesn't require all of this, you can do it a lot cheaper by creating a network at Ning. This is a website that permits people to create social networks on their hosting platform. A basic social network can be started for free.

Remember that when you choose this option, you will be completely dependent on Ning. The name of your website will include Ning, the layout will have Ning all over it, and changing any of this will cost money. You'll have very limited control over your network: it is hosted by Ning, implying that if Ning goes belly-up - so does your site.

So think about this thoroughly, check out Ning and check out some of the out of the box social networking software scripts if you want something more robust and reliable.

Starting a niche social networking site with financial ambitions

Excellent move! You have recognized that there is a huge stack of money out there waiting to be picked up. Niche social networking websites have been around since the dawn of the inet (remember yahoo groups? mIRC)? The difference is the fantastic technology we all have available now.

Facebook is excellent for superficial networking. LinkedIn is great for professional contacts. These sites however do not permit the users to be anonymous (that would be completely besides the point of these sites), implying that members can rarely express themselves fully. And there comes the need for niche networks where members can meet & share all they want without their real-life social networks ever finding out!

There are quite a few methods you can use to make this profitable. There is the obvious way of using AdSense on the networks, or affiliate links. There is off course is the huge e-mailing list you could acquire from having your own niche site. Put all this together, and a popular social network you own could be your new personal piggybank.

If this sounds exiting to you, you'll need to thoroughly think about the following:

What does the community require?

Again, this is the basis for any successful social networking project. Go deep! Here is an example. If you are building a social network for people with insomnia problems, you could have the "what are you doing now" feature of most profiles customized to: "how many hours awake".

Having nifty things like this will greatly enhance member experience. The members will feel like they are part of a community tailored to them, rather than being on a community website with features they don't need.

You'll have already understood that Ning is not an option here. You need full control over the website. If your budget is limited (e.g. below 500$), you'll have to find a social networking script that meets your needs as much as possible to limit the cost of customization afterwards. These software packages are usually open source, implying that you can change whatever you desire. This means that if you do not have developing skills, you are going to need a developer to do it for you. To reduce your costs, get a script that meets your requirements already as much as possible. To find a developer, you can usually refer to the forum of the developers of the site - there are plenty of young programmers out there who are willing to help you out for a very reasonable amount of money. You can also try a freelancing website.

Before starting the site, you'll have to think about how you will seduce members to join you. If you know people inside the community already, then that is a very good head start. You can speak to them and try to get them on board. You'll need to hit existing forums, maybe place a Google ad, or write articles (like the one you are reading now), etc.

You want to create the next huge thing like Facebook, MySpace...

Ok, knowing that you have most likely typed something like "how to start a social networking site", I am going to assume that you are not a developer. This implies that you will not be able to shake a social network out of your sleeve in the next couple of days.

All is not lost however. First of all, get help. Find a group of people who like the idea, and put your minds together. If you can get financing from somewhere, go for it. That's what you'll need to start developing a site that does exactly what you want it to do, with security, powerful servers and everything!

If you've got a great idea - try applying the same method as for niche networks - but think about getting financing as soon as possible. One you hit a hundred thousand users, your network will grow very quickly and you will pay huge amounts of money for the servers to host all of this!

If you are dreaming about the next big thing, experiment a bit beforehand - create some groups on Facebook and see what it takes to get people to join for example

Conclusion:

- small community websites can be created using Ning
- advanced, robust niche networks can be built using social networking scripts that come out of the box
- ideas for huge networks need financing early on to become a hit

Starting a Social Networking Website From Scratch
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Looking for social networking software to get you started? Below software review site will show you which one to pick:

http://www.TopCommunitySoftware.com

Seven Layers of ISO OSI Model

The ISO OSI model are explained below. The seven layers of the OSI model are:

Application Presentation Session Transport Network Antiqua">Data Link Physical
1 Application layer:

This layer provides a means for the user to access information on the network through an application. Many user applications that need to communicate over the network interact with the Application layer protocol directly. The user applications are not part of OSI Application layer, use the networking services offered by the networking protocol suite. Application layer functions typically include identifying communication partners, and determining availability of required resources. Some examples of application layer implementations include Telnet, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

Seven Layers of ISO OSI Model

2 Presentation layer:

Presentation layer converts local host computer data representations into a standard network format for transmission on the network. On the receiving side, it changes the network format into the appropriate host computer's format so that data can be utilized independent of the host computer. ASCII and EBCDIC conversions, cryptography, and the like are handled here.
Examples of Presentation layer coding and conversion schemes include common data representation formats, conversion of character representation formats, common data compression schemes, and common data encryption schemes.

Presentation layer implementations are not typically associated with a particular protocol stack. Some well-known standards for video include QuickTime and Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG). QuickTime is an Apple Computer specification for video and audio, and MPEG is a standard for video compression and coding.

3. Session layer:

The session layer establishes, manages, and terminates communication sessions. Communication sessions consist of service requests and service responses that occur between applications located in different network devices. These requests and responses are coordinated by protocols implemented at the session layer. Some examples of session-layer implementations include AppleTalk's Zone Information Protocol (ZIP), and Decent Phase Session Control Protocol (SCP).

4.Transport layer:

Transport layer is responsible for providing reliable service between the hosts. Upper layer datagrams are broken down into manageable datagrams and then appropriate header information (such as sequence number, port number, etc.) is added to the datagram before passing it on to the Network layer. Two frequently used transport protocols are the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and the UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

Important features of Transport layer:

Transport layer ensures reliable service. Breaks the message (from sessions layer) into smaller datagrams, and appends appropriate unit header information. Responsible for communicating with the Session layer
Important features of TCP/UDP:

TCP/IP widely used protocol for Transport/Network layers TCP: (Transport Control Protocol) TCP ensures that a packet has reached its intended destination by using an acknowledgement. If not, it retransmits the lost messages. Hence, TCP is called a connection oriented protocol. UDP (Universal Data gram Protocol): UDP simply transmits packets over the internet. It does not wait for an acknowledgement. It is the responsibility of upper layer protocols to ensure that the information had reached the intended partner(s). Hence, UDP is often called connectionless protocol. Application programs that do not need connection-oriented protocol generally use UDP.
5. Network layer:

Network layer is responsible for the routing of packets through the entire network. The layer uses logical addressing for this purpose. Note that the physical address (like MAC address) keeps changing from hop to hop when a packet travels from source to destination. As a result, an address that doesn't change is required to ensure continuity between hops. This is nothing but logical address. For IP networks, IP address is the logical address; and for Novell network, IPX address is the logical address, and so on. This layer also provides for congestion control, and accounting information for the network. IP (Internet Protocol) is an example of a network layer protocol.

6. Data link layer:

Data link layer provides delivery of information frames between communicating partners. This layer is responsible for flow regulation, error detection and correction, and framing of bits for transmission. The network data frame is made up of checksum, source address, destination address, and the data itself. The largest frame size that can be sent is known as the maximum transmission Unit (MTU).

Important features of Data link layer:

Logical Link Control (LLC): Defines how data is transferred over the cable and provides data link service to the higher layers. Medium Access Control (MAC): Controls media access by regulating the communicating nodes using pre-defined set of rules. (i.e. Token passing, Ethernet [CSMA/CD] all have MAC sub-layer protocol).


Different Data link layer protocols define different network and protocol characteristics, including physical addressing, network topology, error notification, sequencing of frames, and flow control. Physical addressing (as opposed to logical addressing) defines how devices are addressed at the data link layer. The protocols used in Data link layer are SLIP, PPP, and CSLP.

7. Physical layer:

This is the bottom-most layer of the OSI model. The Physical layer handles the bit-level communications across the physical medium. The physical medium could be made up of wired electrical signals, or light, or radio (wireless) signals. Physical layer specifications define characteristics such as media, data rates, maximum transmission distances, and physical connectors.

Some of the important standards that deal with physical layer specifications are:

RS-232(for serial communication lines), X.21, EIA 232, and G730.

Physical layer and Data link layer implementations can be categorized as either LAN or WAN specifications.

Seven Layers of ISO OSI Model
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Vijayanand has done his post graduation (M.E.) in Communication Systems. He has several years of experience in electronic assembly and design, rf testing, and networking. He is a Cisco Certified Networking Professional, and an MCSE (Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer). He is a director of Anand Software and Training Pvt. Ltd. Complete tutorial on Networking is available at SimulationExams.com